Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer diagnosed in the United States. Early detection and prevention strategies can improve treatment outcomes. Here is more information on this type of cancer, including causes, symptoms, and prevention methods to help you make informed decisions about your skin health:
What Is Skin Cancer?
Skin cancer occurs when skin cells grow abnormally and form malignant tumors. The three primary types include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma develops in the deepest layer of the epidermis and rarely spreads to other parts of the body. Squamous cell carcinoma forms in the outer layers of skin and can spread if left untreated.
Melanoma represents the most serious form of skin cancer. This type develops in melanocytes, the cells that produce pigment in your skin. While melanoma accounts for only a small percentage of cases, it causes the majority of skin cancer deaths due to its ability to spread rapidly to other organs.
What Causes It?
Ultraviolet radiation from the sun and tanning beds serves as the primary cause of this cancer. UV rays damage the DNA in skin cells, leading to abnormal cell growth and the formation of tumors. Genetic factors also contribute to skin cancer development. A family history of this type of cancer, certain genetic conditions, and inherited traits such as red hair or freckles can increase susceptibility.
What Are the Symptoms?
Symptoms vary depending on the type and location of the condition. Basal cell carcinoma often appears as a pearly or waxy bump, a flat, flesh-colored or brown, scar-like lesion, or a bleeding or scabbing sore that heals and then returns. These growths typically develop on sun-exposed areas, such as the face, neck, and hands.
Squamous cell carcinoma may present as a firm red nodule or a flat lesion with a scaly, crusted surface. These cancers commonly occur on sun-damaged areas, including the face, ears, neck, lips, and backs of hands. Melanoma warning signs follow the ABCDE rule: asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, diameter larger than a pencil eraser, and evolving appearance.
How Can You Prevent It?
Sun protection is a key prevention strategy. Apply broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher to all exposed skin areas daily, even on cloudy days. Reapply sunscreen regularly and after swimming or sweating. Seek shade during peak UV hours when possible.
Protective clothing offers an extra layer of defense against harmful UV rays. Wear wide-brimmed hats, long-sleeved shirts, and long pants when spending extended time outdoors. Regular self-examinations help detect skin changes early. Check your entire body monthly for new growths or changes in existing moles.
Why Should You Consult a Dermatologist?
Professional skin examinations can detect this cancer in its earliest, most treatable stages. Dermatologists possess specialized training to identify suspicious lesions that may appear normal to the untrained eye. Annual skin screenings are recommended for most adults, with more frequent visits recommended for individuals at higher risk.
Dermatologists can perform biopsies on suspicious lesions to determine if cancer cells are present. Professional evaluation becomes particularly valuable if you have multiple moles, fair skin, a family history of skin cancer, or previous diagnoses. Specialists can assess your risk factors and recommend tailored screening schedules and preventive strategies.
Learn More About Prevention Strategies
Understanding skin cancer risks and implementing prevention measures can reduce your chances of developing this common but preventable disease. Regular self-examinations, sun protection habits, and professional screenings form the cornerstone of effective prevention. Schedule a consultation with a dermatologist to develop a personalized skin health plan and discuss your risk factors.
