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Gynecology is the medical practice that focuses on the female reproductive system’s health and overall well-being. If you have concerns about your reproductive health, recognizing these conditions is a helpful first step toward seeking appropriate care. Here is more information about typical gynecological issues:

1. Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths of the uterus that appear during childbearing years. While many individuals with fibroids have no symptoms, others may experience heavy menstrual bleeding or pelvic pressure. A doctor might discover fibroids incidentally during a pelvic exam, or they may order an ultrasound for confirmation.

Fibroids range in size from tiny seedlings, undetectable by the human eye, to bulky masses that can distort and enlarge the uterus. Treatment options depend on symptom severity, and they may include medications to regulate the menstrual cycle or surgical procedures. Many people live with fibroids without needing any intervention at all.

Factors that may influence fibroid development include hormones and family history. In some cases, estrogen and progesterone appear to promote the growth of fibroids, which may shrink after menopause when hormone levels decrease. A family history of fibroids increases risk, so genetics probably influence their development.

2. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder typical among people of reproductive age. While there is more to learn about PCOS in gynecology, early diagnosis and management may reduce the risk of long-term complications. Individuals with PCOS may have infrequent or prolonged periods, and many also have elevated male hormone levels.

The ovaries may develop numerous small collections of fluid and fail to regularly release eggs. A diagnosis is typically based on a combination of symptoms, blood tests to check hormone levels, and an ultrasound to examine the ovaries. Managing PCOS may involve lifestyle changes and medication to regulate the menstrual cycle.

3. Uterine Polyps

Uterine polyps are growths attached to the inner wall of the uterus that extend into the uterine cavity. Most uterine polyps are noncancerous, but some can become cancerous over time. Symptoms may include irregular menstrual bleeding, bleeding between periods, or vaginal bleeding after menopause.

4. Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that form on or in an ovary. Many cysts cause little to no discomfort, and they are typically harmless. Most disappear without treatment within a few months, although some may cause symptoms that require medical attention. Potential symptoms of an ovarian cyst may include:

  • Pelvic pain or a dull ache in the lower back
  • Bloating or a feeling of fullness in the abdomen
  • Pain during intercourse

A pelvic exam can detect most ovarian cysts, and your provider may suggest an ultrasound to determine its size, shape, and location. Because the majority of cysts resolve on their own, a provider may recommend a “watchful waiting” approach with follow-up ultrasounds. Birth control pills may be prescribed to help prevent new cysts from forming in some cases.

5. Pelvic Pain

Pelvic pain is discomfort that occurs in the lowest part of the abdomen and pelvis. It can be a symptom of another condition, or it might be a condition in its own right. The pain, which can be dull or sharp, may be constant or intermittent.

Find a Gynecology Clinic

Understanding these conditions can help you have more informed conversations with a healthcare provider. Many effective treatments are available for gynecological concerns, and a specialist can provide a personalized plan. When you are ready to address your health, we invite you to schedule a visit to discuss your symptoms and options with our team.

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